Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. He published his major book, Eminent Victorians, in 1918. Synonyms, crossword answers and other related words for LYTTON ___, ENGLISH BIOGRAPHER [strachey] We hope that the following list of synonyms for the word strachey will help you to finish your crossword today. Principia identified love and friendship as "the highest of human goods" and became a rationalizing factor in loosening the repression of homosexual tendencies among the Apostles. Giles Lytton Strachey (1880-1932) was an English biographer and critic known for his satire of the Victorian Era. and find homework help for other Eminent Victorians questions at eNotes By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Almost instantly the postwar era plunged into "anti-Victorianism." "Eminent" in the book's title was satirical. . Diagnosed a neurasthenic as a teen, Strachey suffered from poor health his entire life, yet managed to have a prolific career as a writer. On the surface, Strachey appeared defiant of convention, but in his diary he wrote repeatedly of his loneliness and unhappiness with his looks. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. For at least some of this, we can thank the iconoclastic Lytton Strachey. . GENRE: Fiction, drama Rosenbaum, S. P., ed. Although Strachey once joked that politics were as exciting as a game of bridge, he supported his mother's and sisters' efforts for women's suffrage, protested World War I, and opposed censorship. NATIONALITY: British Get an answer for 'What changes were brought by Lytton Strachey to the art of biography, especially in reference to Dr. He left the "petticoat world of Victorian schoolrooms" for Liverpool University in 1897, where Professor Walter Raleigh, his tutor in history and literature, was the main object of Lytton's hero worship. The war was a direct challenge, as Lytton saw it, to Bloomsbury pacifist principles. Encyclopedia.com. He was the eleventh of thirteen children of an upper-middle-class family. Lytton Strachey by Himself: A Self-Portrait. "Strachey, (Giles) Lytton Lytton Strachey (1880-1932) was a historian, literary critic, and Bloomsbury wit whose ironic prose style and sense of rupture with the Victorian past helped to define English literary modernism. In 1912 Strachey published his first book, on French literary history, Landmarks in French Literature, designed to awaken English readers to the charms of Racine and French classics. The last release addressed new findings in the quarter … However, the date of retrieval is often important. NATIONALITY: British His father, Sir Richard Strachey, was a colonial Indian civil servant and civil engineer and a British army general; he was a typical Victorian explorer/ scientist. Lytton Strachey, in full Giles Lytton Strachey, (born March 1, 1880, London—died Jan. 21, 1932, Ham Spray House, near Hungerford, Berkshire, Eng. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Giles Lytton Strachey was the eleventh of thirteen children born to Sir Richard Strachey, engineer and Indian colonial servant, and Jane Grant, essayist and suffragist. Even so, he had an iron will and sat in cultural judgment of the world his parents inhabited: the Victorian era. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. They joined such other members of what became known as the Bloomsbury Group as Keynes, Clive Bell, Roger Fry, and Leonard Woolf for drinks and conversations about philosophy, art, religion, and politics. "Giles Lytton Strachey . Strachey Michael Holroyd is the author of acclaimed biographies of George Bernard Shaw, the painter Augustus John, Lytton Strachey, and Ellen Terry and Henry Irving, as well as two memoirs, Basil Street Blues and Mosaic.Knighted for his services to literature, he is the president emeritus of the Royal Society of Literature and the only nonfiction writer to have been awarded the David Cohen British Prize Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Giles Lytton Strachey was born in 1880, the eleventh of thirteen children, to General Sir Richard Strachey and his wife Jane Grant. He fell in with the Bloomsbury Group, the same sort of society in London as the Cambridge Apostles (their leading members were the same). After partly failing in Cambridge (with a second-class degree and no fellowship at Trinity), Strachey went to London to endure 13 years of penny-pinching frustration as a weekly reviewer for the Spectator, edited by his pedigreed cousin. For primary education Strachey went to uncongenial upper-class boarding schools in Derbyshire and to Leamington College. He managed to be a "conscientious objector" to the war. ." It is hard for the satirist not to treat the world and its problems as pure comedy. He had a "laughing admiration" for the satirists of the 18th century, like Voltaire (1694-1778). But in his next book, Queen Victoria (1921), Strachey was seduced by his subject. ." After studying at Cambridge (1899–1903), Strachey lived in London, where he became a leader in the artistic, intellectual, and literary Bloomsbury group (q.v.). Toronto, 1975. He revisited the work by popular request and in 1971 released two revised volumes for Penguin Press: Lytton Strachey: A Biography and Lytton Strachey and the Bloomsbury Group. He was the eleventh of thirteen children of an upper-middle-class family. Strachey was one of the literary influences that partly destroyed the ghost of the Victorian era in the 1920s. Strachey's satirical portraits of Victorian icons—Florence Nightingale, Matthew Arnold, General Gordon, and Cardinal Manning—rejected the lengthy panegyrics of the nineteenth century, and his use of Freudian analysis heralded the creation of the "psychobiography." It tells of their affairs, the ups and downs of their lives and how they interconnected. Strachey slyly replied; "I would try to interpose my own body." Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. He favored for himself brief biographies, the art of which rested on the subject's motive and personality as he saw it. Encyclopedia of Modern Europe: Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire, Carlyle, Thomas ", The decline of Strachey's reputation came soon after his death. He saw religion as Voltaire saw it, as a "ludicrous anachronism." ), English biographer and critic who opened a new era of biographical writing at the close of World War I. DIED: 1881, London, England London, Anthony d’Offay Gallery (available through Yale University’s Digital Resources Collection). ReadCentral.com offers the most comprehensive collection of books and writings by Lytton Strachey https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/strachey-giles-lytton, "Strachey, (Giles) Lytton 21 Dec. 2020 . Virginia Woolf Bloomsbury itself became a widely used term connoting an insular, snobbish aestheticism. Strachey's book of polemical essays caused a popular sensation. They not only talked about sex, but advocated a new style of love without jealousy or conventional restrictions as they engaged in homosexual and bisexual relationships. Keynes, Virginia Wolf and the others who lived or met around the London Suburb of Bloomsbury. ytton Strachey (1880-1932) was an essayist and biographer, and a prominent member of London's culturally élite Bloomsbury Group. Encyclopedia of World Biography. The portrait of Strachey is a gentle and affectionate one. . It tells of their affairs, the ups and downs of their lives and how they interconnected. NATIONALITY: British We've arranged the synonyms in length order so that they are easier to find. Leonard Woolf (1960) was on target, when he described the critic as "a strange character.". ." Giles Lytton Strachey; 1 March 1880 – 21 January 1932) was a British writer and critic.. A founding member of the Bloomsbury Group and author of Eminent Victorians, he is best known for establishing a new form of biography in which psychological insight and sympathy are combined with irreverence and wit.His biography Queen Victoria (1921) was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. At the time it was published Eminent Victorians was seen as a savage attack on the reputation of a number of English heroes. World Encyclopedia. He was the eleventh of thirteen children of an upper-middle-class family. He is best known for establishing a new form of biography in which psychological insight and sympathy are combined with irreverence and wit. Marshlands (1895) Encyclopedia.com. to the Present: Biographies. A. Richards (1893–1979) and F. R. Leavis (1895–1978) as elitist and apolitical. GENRE: Fiction; poetry; criticism The humbug of the "eminent" Victorians was an easy target for Strachey to satirize, but it led critics to accuse him of caricature. The war-weary generation wanted to hear this wholesale assault on past idols. London, 1967–1968. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Strachey has certainly revolutionized the art of writing a biography. Lytton Strachey as a biographer. He also spent his Thursday evenings in the decade before World War I at the Gordon Square home of Virginia and Vanessa Stephen. Encyclopedia.com. . He is often credited with adding the psychological dimension to modern biography. The four objects of Strachey's satire were Cardinal H. E. Manning, formerly a prominent Anglican member of the Oxford Movement, converted to Catholicism in 1851; Florence Nightingale, the "Lady with the Lamp," a founder of nursing and active with the wounded in the Crimean War; Thomas Arnold of Rugby School; and General C. G. "Chinese" Gordon, the pious hero killed by Mahdi raiders in the siege of Khartoum in 1885. New York, 2002. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. His aim was to paint a portrait; and though this led to caricature and sometimes, through tendentious selection of material, to inaccuracy, he taught biographers a sense of form and of background, and he sharpened their critical acumen. This edition includes Holroyd's commentary on the process of preparing the biography and working with the people who knew Lytton Strachey. He wore bookworm spectacles. 8 letter words STRACHEY. After Eminent Victorians (1918) and Queen Victoria (1921), he wrote Elizabeth and Essex (1928) and Portraits in Miniature (1931). Lytton Strachey was an English writer in the interwar period. Arnold?' Carrington committed suicide immediately after his death. Though bitterly attacked during his lifetime and after, Strachey remains a phenomenon in English letters and a preeminent humorist and wit. Encyclopedia of Modern Europe: Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. Encyclopedia.com. Strachey died of cancer on January 21, 1932, surrounded by his friends, at Ham Spray House, Hungerford. . In 1903 fellow Apostle George Edward Moore published Principia Ethica, producing a profound effect on the aspiring intellectuals. Giles Lytton Strachey (1880-1932) was an English biographer and critic known for his satire of the Victorian Era. One critic in 1931 isolated one word, "preposterous," which Strachey used over and over again, about his stick-figure characters. STRACHEY, LYTTON (1880–1932), English writer, member of the Bloomsbury Group. World Encyclopedia. His sexuality, more than his writings, has continued to be a topic of scholarly debate. He returned to his parents' home in Lancaster Gate and supported himself as a journalist—contributing book and drama reviews to The Spectator magazine, the Nation, and the Athenaeum—and published two collections of verse and an important work of literary criticism, Landmarks in French Literature (1912). Likewise Strachey’s essay on Nightingale draws mostly on the two-decker biography by Sir Edward Cook (1913), a book that Strachey himself … BORN: 1882, London, England ." Encyclopedia of Modern Europe: Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. After his death in 1932 from cancer, Carrington committed suicide, noting in her diary that she was unable to live without Strachey. ." Holroyd, Michael. Strachey first broached the taboo subject of sex by pointing at a stain on Vanessa's dress and asking, "Semen?" The subject here is best termed sacred biography, which most precisely designates the written accounts of lives of persons deem…, Galsworthy, John I envy him his access to these remarkable people, including Frances Partridge, James Strachey, a This was an extremely well-written, well-organized, enjoyable biography. After writing on Augustus John and Bernard Shaw, in 1994, Holroyd again revised the biography into a single volume, Lytton Strachey: The New Biography. The Immo…, Amis, Kingsley BORN: 1867, Kingston Hill, Surrey, England Feminist scholars rediscovered Bloomsbury in the 1960s and especially applauded Strachey and Virginia Woolf as advocates of androgyny and sexual freedom. Omissions? Of all the Bloomsberries, Strachey took precedence (for instance, the Bloomsbury Group began to decline after his own death in 1932). His biography of Queen Victoria was awarded the James Tait … During World War I, Strachey was a conscientious objector, but his impact on the larger public would be felt most strongly in 1918 with the publication of his best-selling work, Eminent Victorians. Before him, the biographer used to neglect like a hagiographer the darker side of their heroes because they generally used to idealize their heroes by representing them as angels of virtue. BIOGRAPHY . ." Read Lytton Strachey ’s biography, works and quotes online for free. Corrections? He began a new six-year phase of his life at Cambridge: the world suddenly opened up in 1899. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). ." DIED: 1933, London, England Lady Strachey also inspired Lytton's early interest in literature. . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Love literature? Giles Lytton Strachey (March 1, 1880 – January 21, 1932) was a British writer and critic. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. German Romance (18…, BIOGRAPHY In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Biography The new movement in biography as a literary form began in England with Giles Lytton Strachey (STRAY-chee) as World War I came to an end. Treating his subjects from a highly idiosyncratic point of view, he was fascinated by personality and motive and delighted in pricking the pretensions of the great and reducing them to somewhat less than life-size. Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images "Mordant irony" was replaced by grudging respect for the queen, even though Strachey felt himself amused by her antics. He turned a blind eye to Moore's inherent puritanism. He was a writer, known for Gloriana (1984), Gloriana (2013) and Gloriana (2018). . NATIONALITY: French Keynes, Virginia Wolf and the others who lived or met around the London Suburb of Bloomsbury. Two years later, World War I broke out. Encyclopedia of Modern Europe: Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. He had an air of sick, melancholic sadness; he sagged. Although unsuccessful in forming lasting attachments with other men (his lovers included his cousin, the artist Duncan Grant, and Colette's translator, Roger Senhouse), he did inspire lifelong devotion from one person. World Encyclopedia. His biographical creed was to paint a picture of the person from the author's viewpoint—never mind the scholarly inhibitions, never mind the search to find "the truth" of any human situation so far as is possible. A teenager at the time of Oscar Wilde's trials for homosexuality, the young Strachey had struggled with what he called his "unnatural" desires, but at Cambridge he experienced a liberating moment in his sexual development. Although heralded in 1918 as a revolutionary biographer, Strachey temporarily faded into obscurity in the years following his death, and his work, along with that of the other "Bloomsberries," was attacked by Cambridge critics I. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lytton-Strachey, National Portrait Gallery - Biography of Lytton Strachey. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/strachey-lytton, "Strachey, Lytton He inaugurated the new era of biographical writing at the close of World War I. Lytton Strachey’s brother James Strachey was still alive during the original writing. The term Stracheyesque continues to evoke a particular style of writing and behavior that is transgressive, ironic, and always amusing. English Literature, 20th cent. He wrote a number of histories including a biography of Queen Victoria and another work called Eminent Victorians. . As mentioned in the text, the definitive biography of Strachey is Michael Holroyd, Lytton Strachey: A Critical Biography (2 vols., 1967, 1968). "Giles Lytton Strachey He inaugurated the new era of biographical writing at the close of World War I. (December 21, 2020). . Strachey was the first to realize that in order to give a complete and human portrait. Strachey eschewed the standard "two fat volumes" of Victorian biographies (he saw these tomes as "hagiographies": treatment of the illustrious dead). See also David Cecil, DNB, (Dictionary of National Biography; London, 1931-1940). Lytton Strachey was born in London on March 1, 1880. Careers in public service were mainly full of political intrigue. He did prefer, however, what he called the "subtle attack" to undermine Victorian strictures on religious, artistic, social, and sexual matters. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. and Maynard Keynes were often furiously in love with the same male students, and often Keynes won the upper hand. . Lytton Strachey, in full Giles Lytton Strachey, was an English biographer and critic who opened a new era of biographical writing at the close of World War I. Here, for example, Florence Nightingale appears as a "thin, angular woman" with a "haughty eye" and "acrid mouth," plagued by inner torments (173), and … Lytton Strachey: A Critical Biography. 21 Dec. 2020 . His works include Eminent Victorians (1918), Queen Victoria (1921), and Elizabeth and Essex (1928). Giles Lytton Strachey (1880-1932) was an English biographer and critic known for his satire of the Victorian Era. The themes, common to the four biographical sketches of the volume, were the sacred icons of Victorian sentiment: patriotic fervor and Christian messianic zeal, the ideal of the "public" school, and humanitarianism, as opposed to what Strachey thought were the perils of upper-class education, self-interested do-goodism, and, above all, the sins of Victorian imperialism. GENRE: Nonfiction The C…, Woolf, Virginia Clive. the best literary biography to appear for many years. These were the attributes of the "good life." The biographer Lytton Strachey belonged to the Bloomsbury Group. But "friendship" meant, for Strachey, homosexual love. NATIONALITY: Scottish 21 Dec. 2020 . Definition of strachey □. ), English biographer and critic who opened a new era of biographical writing at the close of World War I. Strachey, (Giles) Lytton (1880–1932) English biographer and essayist, a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Lytton Strachey was born in London on March 1, 1880. Sir Richard's second wife, Lytton's mother, was the daughter of Sir J. P. Grant of Rothiemurchus and was keen on French literature; she influenced Lytton's precocious literary talent. His father, Sir Richard Strachey, was a colonial Indian civil servant and civil engineer and a British army general; he was a typical Victorian explorer/ scientist. An interesting account of Strachey and other members of the Bloomsbury group is provided by John Keith Johnstone, in The Bloomsbury Group; a study of E.M. Forster, Lytton Strachey, Virginia Woolf, and Their Circle (Noonday Press, 1954). DIED: 1995, London, England Lytton Strachey Biography Eminent Victorians Questions and Answers The Question and Answer section for Eminent Victorians is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel. Strachey also endured intense criticism while still alive from contemporaries like Rupert Brooke and D. H. Lawrence, who regarded his homosexuality as a corrupting influence among the younger generations at Cambridge. To the standard question; "If a German soldier tried to rape your sister, what would you do?" ), English biographer and critic who opened a new era of biographical writing at the close of World War I. See alsoHomosexuality and Lesbianism; Wilde, Oscar. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/giles-lytton-strachey. Seven years later he produced Elizabeth and Essex (1928), a book full of vulgarized Freudianism that tampered with actual Tudor history. There was an element of theater, of almost pantomime, in Strachey's treatment of the Victorians. . Lytton Strachey - A Critical Biography [Vol.1] (THE UNKNOWN YEARS 1880-1910, 1880-1910) by MICHAEL HOLROYD and a great selection of related books, art … Years later, Virginia Woolf reminisced that Strachey, as the leader of the "Bloomsberries," tore down the barriers of sexual reticence that had plagued their parents' generation. Surrounded by those he regarded as fellow "Greek souls," Strachey became a vocal advocate of the physical and spiritual superiority of all-male love. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/strachey-giles-lytton. In 1915 Strachey met the young art student Dora Carrington and, despite her subsequent marriage to Ralph Partridge and Strachey's love affairs, the couple shared a home for the next seventeen years. GENRE: Fiction, nonfiction He was rather an artist with words. In his preface, Strachey enunciated the two fold principle of selection and scrutiny which was to … Michael Holroyd's two-volume biography of Strachey in 1968 (revised in 1995) offers a complex picture of a literary and sexual rebel still struggling with Victorian mores and legal codes as well as his own insecurities. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Some scholars, however, have questioned Strachey's feminist sympathies and have portrayed his relationship with Dora Carrington as that of patriarch and household drudge. With true friends he was quick of mind, caustic, and conspicuously, bitingly witty. The Apostles were personally affected by the philosophy of G. E. Moore. Updates? His following works included Queen Victoria (1921), which was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, Elizabeth and Essex (1928), and Portraits in Miniature (1931). And wit connoting an insular, snobbish aestheticism the others who lived or met around the London of... To Leamington College, Liverpool University College, Liverpool University College, personal... After, Strachey was born in London on March 1, 1880 of... A complete and human portrait a number of English heroes if a German soldier tried to rape your sister what! Hard for the satirist not to treat the World his parents inhabited the... Saw in Moore 's doctrines the importance of aesthetic experience and the Search for sexual! For Strachey, homosexual love love with the same male students, and Trinity College, he had an of... To have been a scholar, be sure to refer to those guidelines editing. Destroyed the ghost of the Victorian era lives and how they interconnected Trinity College, Liverpool College... R. 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