x: A data.frame organized such that each column represents the ratings for each Trait-Method combination. 157 Path Analysis of Multitrait-Multimethod Matrices Neal Schmitt Michigan State University Path analyses of two multitrait-multimethod ma- trices are used as examples of the kind of informa- tion afforded by application of the technique.Dis-cussed are tests of various possible models of the matrix, the reproduction of several correlations, and various reduced models. This process facilitates the use of widely available computer programs--LISREL and LISCOMP--for fitting the model. There are six major considerations when examining a construct's validity through the MTMM matrix, which are as follows: 1. The authors also provide a number of suggestions on how to use MTMM more effectively in HRM research.,The authors start by presenting a basic introduction to MTMM approach. The MTMM matrix was recommended by Donald T. Campbell and Donald W. Fiske as a means of measuring the convergent and discriminant validity. In Table 1 there are three methods (m = 3) so that there are three monomethod blocks. An MTMM matrix is a matrix of correlation coefficients computed between each pair of a set of measures (the correlation coefficients indicate how strongly each pair of measures is related). The correlations among variables all of which are measured by the same method are included in a monomethod block. This entry discusses the structure, evaluation, and analysis approaches of the MTMM matrix. MTMM matrix analysis is a method of assessing discriminant and predictive validity in a set of measurement instruments. The multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) matrix permits examination of the convergent and discriminant validity of psychological measures. Campbell and Fiske introduced the multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) matrix as a tool for evaluating systematically the correlations among a set of measures obtained using multiple methods. TABLE 1 MTMM Matrix for Three Traits and Three Methods Method I II III The multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix is an approach to examining Construct Validity developed by Campbell and Fiske(1959). MTMM & LST H. Plieninger MTMM Validity MTMM MTMM Matrix MTMM CFA LST Appendix References Glossary Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis • Initially developed by Campbell and Fiske (1959). 190-194; Widaman, 1985). There are several models for defining MTMM matrices, as described in the following book chapter: Wothke, W. (1996). Beside commonly used analysis methods such as structural equation modeling and generalizability theory, multilevel analysis offers attractive possibilities. The columns must be ordered in sets such that the first set is the first trait rated by each method, followed by the second trait rated by each method (in the same order), and so on. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the suitability of the multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix approach for examining construct validity in human resource management (HRM) research. The composite direct-product model for the multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix is reparamaterized as a second-order factor analysis model. practice to impose upon the MTMM matrix an additive covariance structure model us- ing confirmatory or restricted factor analysis (Bollen, 1989, pp. Estimation using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the predominant analytical technique, has often resulted in severe difficulties, such as out-of-range estimates and convergence problems. Models for Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix Analysis. The classical multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix can be viewed as a two-dimensional cross-classification of traits and methods. Multitrait-multimethod Matrix. 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