28. Translate, "To the end that"; the aim of the bestowal of gifts stated negatively, as in Ephesians 4:13 it is stated positively. 2, 3. lowliness--In classic Greek, the meaning is meanness of spirit: the Gospel has elevated the word to express a Christian grace, namely, the esteeming of ourselves small, inasmuch as we are so; the thinking truly, and because truly, therefore lowlily, of ourselves [TRENCH]. He came to the lower parts of the earth - the very deepest abasement; having emptied himself; taken upon him; the form of a servant, and humbled himself unto death, even the death of the cross; now he is ascended far above all heavens - higher than all height; he has a name above every name. Our calling is our responsibility to respond to what we have become in Christ. p. 231: Αγαθον εις φιλιαν οιδα σε· I know thee to be good (formed) for friendship. Consider how many unities there are that are the joy and glory of our Christian profession. 27. We'll send you an email with steps on how to reset your password. This is a fine stroke, and wrought up into a strong argument. The child is ignorant, weak, and unsteady, tossed about in the nurse's arms, or whirled round in the giddy sports or mazes of youth; this seems to be the apostle's allusion. 4. Gives various exhortations relative to the purification of their minds, their conduct to each other, and to the poor, Ephesians 4:22-28. This is the spiritual body of Christ, the church, made up of Jews, Gentiles, all people and even includes the saved who no longer live on earth. The evangelist founded the Church; the teacher built it up in the faith already received. Let every man, therefore, take heed that he grieve not the Spirit of God, lest God turn to be his enemy, and fight against him. Here his descending into the lower parts of the earth is put in opposition to his ascending far above all heavens. Similarly "faith" and "baptism" (the sacramental seal of faith) are connected ( 16:16 , Colossians 2:12 ). The apostle charged the Ephesians in the name and by the authority of the Lord Jesus, that having professed the gospel, they should not be as the unconverted Gentiles, who walked in vain fancies and carnal affections. It was a busy port and the centre of much trade. by--Greek, "in"; expressing "the evil atmosphere in which the varying currents of doctrine exert their force" [ELLICOTT]. If, however, a man have an honest and useful trade, and employ himself diligently in labouring at it, he will surely be able to maintain himself by it; but without care, attention, and industry, he is not likely to get, even by this providential calling, the necessaries of life. Two hearts in one body would be monstrous. 22. In contrast to "the holiness of the truth," Ephesians 4:24 , and "truth in Jesus," Ephesians 4:21 ; and answering to Gentile "vanity," Ephesians 4:17 . To work all uncleanness with greediness - This is a complete finish of the most abandoned character; to do an unclean act is bad, to labor in it is worse, to labor in all uncleanness is worse still; but to do all this in every case to the utmost extent, εν πλεονεξια, with a desire exceeding time, place, opportunity, and strength, is worst of all, and leaves nothing more profligate or more abandoned to be described or imagined; just as Ovid paints the drunken Silenus, whose wantonness survives his strength and keeps alive his desires, though old age has destroyed the power of gratification: -. As "lowliness and meekness" answer to "forbearing one another in love" (compare "love," Ephesians 4:15 Ephesians 4:16 ), so "long-suffering" answers to ( Ephesians 4:4 ) "endeavoring (Greek, 'earnestly' or 'zealously giving diligence') to keep (maintain) the unity of the Spirit (the unity between men of different tempers, which flows from the presence of the Spirit, who is Himself 'one,' Ephesians 4:4 ) in (united in) the bond of peace" (the "bond" by which "peace" is maintained, namely, "love," Colossians 3:14 Colossians 3:15 [BENGEL]; or, "peace" itself is the "bond" meant, uniting the members of the Church [ALFORD]). 1I therefore, the prisoner in the Lord, beg you to walk worthily of the calling with which you were called,2with all lowliness and humility, with patience, bearing with one another in love; 3being eager to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. When he ascended up on high - The whole of this verse, as it stands in the psalm, seems to refer to a military triumph. No state of society can be even tolerable where these prevail; and, if eternity were out of the question, it is of the utmost consequence to have these banished from time. Introduction. EXHORTATIONS TO CHRISTIAN DUTIES RESTING ON OUR CHRISTIAN PRIVILEGES, AS UNITED IN ONE BODY, THOUGH VARYING IN THE GRACES GIVEN TO THE SEVERAL MEMBERS, THAT WE MAY COME UNTO A PERFECT MAN IN CHRIST. Ephesians 4:1 contains an interesting principle hidden within the Greek word translated as "worthy." The Church is one in unity of faith ( Ephesians 4:5 , Jude 1:3 ); unity of origination ( Ephesians 2:19-21 ): unity of sacraments ( Ephesians 4:5 , 1 Corinthians 10:17 , 12:13 ): unity of "hope" ( Ephesians 4:4 , Titus 1:2 ); unity of charity ( Ephesians 4:3 ): unity (not uniformity) of discipline and governme nt: for where there is no order, no ministry with Christ as the Head, there is no Church [PEARSON, Exposition of the Creed, Article IX]. We are members one of another - Consider yourselves as one body, of which Jesus Christ is the head; and as a man's right hand would not deceive or wrong his left hand, so deal honestly with each other; for ye are members one of another. Its opposite is "that which is good to edifying." perfect man--unto the full-grown man ( 1 Corinthians 2:6 , Philippians 3:15 , Hebrews 5:14 ); the maturity of an adult; contrasted with children ( Ephesians 4:14 ). That ye--following "Ye have been taught" ( Ephesians 4:21 ). Not "perfect men"; for the many members constitute but one Church joined to the one Christ. iv. In the unity of the faith - Jews and Gentiles being all converted according to the doctrines laid down in the faith - the Christian system. It does not necessarily include lasciviousness; but it means intemperate, reckless readiness for it, and for every self-indulgence. I therefore - Therefore, because God has provided for you such an abundant salvation, and ye have his testimonies among you, and have full liberty to use all the means of grace; The prisoner of the Lord - Who am deprived of my liberty for the Lord's sake. "Righteousness" is in relation to our fellow men, the second table of the law; "Holiness," in relation to God, the first table; the religious observance of offices of piety (compare Luke 1:75 ). His bonds, too, are an argument which should enforce his exhortation. The Holy Spirit, as the common higher principle of life ( Ephesians 2:18 Ephesians 2:22 ), gives to the Church its true unity. 30. grieve not--A condescension to human modes of thought most touching. use of edifying--literally, "for edifying of the need," that is, for edifying where it is needed. Το γαρ αγαθον κρειττον εστι της αληθειας· "Good is better than truth." 1. "Jesus," in Ephesians 4:21 , as the person. It must therefore be GOD THE SON ( John 6:33 John 6:62 ). It is in Christ that God vouchsafes forgiveness to us. The unity of the Spirit defined (4-6) a. Who is above all - Ὁ επι παντων· Who is over all; as the King of kings, and Lord of lords. It must never be forgotten that the Holy Scriptures themselves are capable of making men wise unto salvation, if read and studied with faith in Christ. In the last century there was a compound medicine, made up from a variety of drastic acrid drugs and ardent spirits, which was called Hiera Picra, ἱερα πικρα, the holy bitter; this medicine was administered in a multitude of cases, where it did immense evil, and perhaps in scarcely any case did it do good. The truth of God should be so preached to all the members of the Church of God, that they may all receive an increase of grace and life; so that each, in whatever state he may be, may get forward in the way of truth and holiness. the head--( Ephesians 1:22 ). The *temple of thegoddess (female god) Diana (or Artemis) was there. The joints are the points of union where the supply passes to the different members, furnishing the body with the materials of its growth. Whereby ye are sealed - The Holy Spirit in the soul of a believer is God's seal, set on his heart to testify that he is God's property, and that he should be wholly employed in God's service. Unity and Maturity in the Body of Christ. "The first beginnings of unchastity" [GROTIUS]. The believer’s experience of God’s grace relates to the larger goal of the oneness of the body. gave gifts unto men--in the Psalm, "received gifts for men," Hebrew, "among men," that is, "thou hast received gifts" to distribute among men. The office of the ministry is stated in this verse. St. Paul says here that they should put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness, or, ὁσιοτητι της αληθειας, in the holiness of truth. stature, &c.--The standard of spiritual "stature" is "the fulness of Christ," that is, which Christ has ( Ephesians 1:23 , 3:19 ; compare Galatians 4:19 ); that the body should be worthy of the Head, the perfect Christ. It is not this or the other degree of moral good which the soul is to receive by Jesus Christ, it is the whole image of God; it is to be formed κατα Θεον, according to God; the likeness of the Divine Being is to be traced upon his soul, and he is to bear that as fully as his first father Adam bore it in the beginning. 2. Article Images Copyright © 2021 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. 20. learned Christ--( Philippians 3:10 ). Works Referenced. From the apostle we learn what Moses meant by the image of God; it was righteousness and the truth of holiness. Copyright © 2021, Bible Study Tools. 12. In 1 Corinthians 10:17 , where a breach of union was in question, it forms the rallying point [ALFORD]. Gifts are given as equally distributed among the members of the body of Christ for the benefit of all its members (Ephesians 4:7-11). 5. Who being past feeling - Οιτινες απηλγηκοτες . Commentary on Ephesians 4:17-24. The impartation of the gifts and graces of the Spirit depended on Christ's ascension ( John 7:39 , 14:12 ). Acts 2:27 Acts 2:28 , and Romans 10:7 , favor the view of the reference being simply to His descent to Hades. Be no more children - Children, here, are opposed to the perfect man in the preceding verse; and the state of both is well explained by the apostle's allusions. of men--contrasted with Christ ( Ephesians 4:13 ). lower parts of the earth--The antithesis or contrast to "far above all heavens," is the argument of ALFORD and others, to show that this phrase means more than simply the earth, namely, the regions beneath it, even as He ascended not merely to the visible heavens, but "far above" them. through--rather as Greek, "on account of the ignorance," namely, of God. Points out how they had been changed, in consequence of their conversion to Christianity, Ephesians 4:20, Ephesians 4:21. God for Christ's sake--rather as Greek, "God in Christ" ( 2 Corinthians 5:19 ). is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts--rather, "which is being corrupted ('perisheth,' compare Galatians 6:8 , 'corruption,' that is, destruction) according to (that is, as might be expected from) the lusts of deceit." 10. all heavens--Greek, "all the heavens" ( Hebrews 7:26 , 4:14 ), Greek, "passed through the heavens" to the throne of God itself. With all lowliness - It is by acting as the apostle here directs that a man walks worthy of this high vocation; ταπεινοφροσυνη signifies subjection or humility of mind. with his hands--in contrast with his former thievish use of his hands. The "spirit" of man in New Testament is only then used in its proper sense, as worthy of its place and governing functions, when it is one spirit with the Lord. as the truth is in Jesus--Translate in connection with "taught"; "And in Him have been taught, according as is truth in Jesus." 5. Having been brought up in such a loose system of morality, these converted Gentiles had need of these apostolic directions; Put away lying; speak the truth: Let lying never come near you; let truth be ever present with you. And if they had no correct knowledge of the true God they could have no religion; and if no religion, no morality. Many preachers, and multitudes of professing people, are studious to find out how many imperfections and infidelities, and how much inward sinfulness, is consistent with a safe state in religion but how few, very few, are bringing out the fair Gospel standard to try the height of the members of the Church; whether they be fit for the heavenly army; whether their stature be such as qualifies them for the ranks of the Church militant! Having the understanding darkened - This is the second instance alleged by the apostle of the degradation of the Gentiles. tossed to and fro--inwardly, even without wind; like billows of the sea. ; and its edification consists in its thorough instruction in Divine things, and its being filled with faith and holiness. To throw off all sense of shame, and to be utterly devoid of pain, for committing unrighteous acts. There is yet to be a Church, not merely potentially, but actually catholic or world-wide; then the Church and the world will be co-extensive. knowledge--Full unity of faith is then found, when all alike thoroughly know Christ, the object of faith, and that in His highest dignity as "the Son of God" [DE WETTE] ( Ephesians 3:17 Ephesians 3:19 , 2 Peter 1:5 ). "Bitterness" begets "wrath"; "wrath," "anger"; "anger," "clamor"; and "clamor," the more chronic "evil-speaking," slander, insinuations, and surmises of evil. Paul reasons that (assuming Him to be God) His ascent implies a previous descent; and that the language of the Psalm can only refer to Christ, who first descended, then ascended. As the apostles, prophets, and evangelists were special and extraordinary ministers, so "pastors and teachers" are the ordinary stated ministers of a particular flock, including, probably, the bishops, presbyters, and deacons. By the sleight of men - The words εν τη κυβειᾳ refer to the arts used by gamesters, who employ false dice that will always throw up one kind of number, which is that by which those who play with them cannot win. in you all--The oldest manuscripts omit "you." "He may lie who knows how to do it εν δεοντι καιρῳ, in a suitable time." Warns them against acting like the Gentiles, of whose conduct he gives a lamentable description, Ephesians 4:17-19. The word spoken "gives grace to the hearers" when God uses it as His instrument for that purpose. Go To Ephesians Index. perfecting--The Greek implies correcting in all that is deficient, instructing and completing in number and all parts. 7. Ephesians 4:7-10. Being alienated from the life of God - The original design of God was to live in man; and the life of God in the soul of man was that by which God intended to make man happy, and without which true happiness was never found by any human spirit: from this through the ignorance that was in them, δια την αγνοιαν την ουσαν, through the substantial or continually existing ignorance, which there was nothing to instruct, nothing to enlighten; for the most accurate writings of their best philosophers left them entirely ignorant of the real nature of God. concerning the former conversation--"in respect to your former way of life." More literally, "Being darkened in their understanding," that is, their intelligence, or perceptions (compare Ephesians 5:8 , Acts 26:18 , 1 Thessalonians 5:4 1 Thessalonians 5:5 ). 11. Yet the Psalm plainly refers to God ( Ephesians 4:8 Ephesians 4:17 Ephesians 4:18 ). One Lord - Jesus Christ, who is the governor of this Church. they inflame; Thou art old in every thing except in lust. Not only the general ideas here are anatomical, but the whole phraseology is the same. "Unto." cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive--Translate as Greek, "craftiness tending to the methodized system of deceit" ("the schemes of error") [ALFORD]. From this it seems that various arts were used, both by the Greek sophists and the Judaizing teachers, to render the Gospel of none effect, or to adulterate and corrupt it. in righteousness--"IN" it as the element of the renewed man. "Truth" is therefore used in the most comprehensive sense, truth in its essence, and highest perfection, in Jesus; "if according as it is thus in Him, ye have been so taught in Him"; in contrast to "the vanity of mind of the Gentiles" ( Ephesians 4:17 ; compare John 1:14 John 1:17 , 18:37 ). In like manner, if a man do not walk worthy of his heavenly calling, i.e. For a full illustration of this verse, the reader is requested to refer to the notes on 1 Corinthians 12:6-10; (note), 1 Corinthians 12:28-30; (note); and to the concluding observations at the end of that chapter. Christians in general should make not selfish gain their aim in honest industry, but the acquisition of the means of greater usefulness to their fellow men; and the being independent of the alms of others. Such are meant by those called "thieves" in the New Testament. Wherefore putting away lying - All falsity, all prevarication, because this is opposite to the truth as it is in Jesus, Ephesians 4:21, and to the holiness of truth, Ephesians 4:24. Truth is the first thing: those who reach it, will at last reach unity, because truth is one; while those who seek unity as the first thing, may purchase it at the sacrifice of truth, and so of the soul itself. This is the beginning point of their misery ( Acts 17:30 , Romans 1:21 Romans 1:23 Romans 1:28 , 1 Peter 1:14 ). . Perhaps the sense is, Take heed that ye be not angry, lest ye sin; for it would be very difficult, even for an apostle himself, to be angry and not sin. WALK WORTHILY OF THE CALLING. and--Greek, "in." Ephesians 4. .Thematically, Ephesians 4 moves from one's calling to unity to one's calling to ministry (all are called to ministry = part of the one hope of your calling). the old man--your old unconverted nature ( Romans 6:6 ). hope--here associated with "the Spirit," which is the "earnest of our inheritance" ( Ephesians 1:13 Ephesians 1:14 ). Amidst the variety of the gifts and the multitude of the Church's members, its "faith" is to be ONE: as contrasted with the state of "children carried about with EVERY WIND OF DOCTRINE." 3, p. 29. For the work of the ministry - All these various officers, and the gifts and graces conferred upon them, were judged necessary, by the great Head of the Church, for its full instruction in the important doctrines of Christianity. 1. But, speaking the truth in love - The truth recommended by the apostle is the whole system of Gospel doctrine; this they are to teach and preach, and this is opposed to the deceit mentioned above. The apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers, are all compounded in the class preachers; and many, to whom God has given nothing but the gift of exhortation, take texts to explain them; and thus lose their time, and mar their ministry. Let any medical man, who understands the apostle's language, take up this verse, and he will be convinced that the apostle had all these things in view. Have given themselves over unto lasciviousness - Lasciviousness, ασελγεια, is here personified; and the Gentiles in question are represented as having delivered themselves over to her jurisdiction. Would it not be monstrous to see the nails pulling out the eyes, the hands tearing off the flesh from the body, the teeth biting out the tongue, etc., etc.? For "to," Paul quotes it "with," to mark our inner connection with one another, as "members one of another" [STIER]. Callous signifies a thickening of the outward skin of any particular part, especially on the hands and feet, by repeated exercise or use, through which such parts are rendered insensible. So it is translated in Romans 13:13 , 2 Peter 2:18 . Ephesians 4:1–10 is Paul's compelling description of Christian unity. And also Lucian, in Toxari, p. 53: Ου μονον αρα τοξευειν αγαθοι ησαν Σκυθαι· The Scythians were not good (expert) in archery only. life of God--that life whereby God lives in His own people: as He was the life and light in Adam before the irruption of death and darkness into human nature; and as He is the life in the regenerate ( Galatians 2:20 ). Cunning craftiness - It is difficult to give a literal translation of the original words: εν πανουργιᾳ προς την μεθοδειαν της πλανης· "By cunning, for the purpose of using the various means of deception." EPHESIANS 4:1-3. So JONA, "Let not night and anger against anyone sleep with you, but go and conciliate the other party, though he have been the first to commit the offense." The "pastor" had the outward rule and guidance of the Church: the bishop. In the New Testament, the absence of minute directions for Church government and ceremonies, shows that a fixed model was not designed; the general rule is obligatory as to ceremonies, "Let all things be done decently and in order" (compare Article XXXIV, Church of England); and that a succession of ministers be provided, not self-called, but "called to the work by men who have public authority given unto them in the congregation, to call and send ministers into the Lord's vineyard" [Article XXIII]. And clamor - Κραυγη Loud and obstreperous speaking, brawling, railing, boisterous talk, often the offspring of wrath; all of which are highly unbecoming the meek, loving, quiet, sedate mind of Christ and his followers. They abhorred every thing that had a tendency to lay any restraint on their vicious passions and inclinations. And Appian, de Bell. As the word διαβολος is sometimes used to signify a calumniator, tale-bearer, whisperer, or backbiter; (see in the original, 1 Timothy 3:11; 2 Timothy 3:3, and Titus 2:3;); here it may have the same signification. Thou hast led captivity captive: the conquered kings and generals were usually bound behind the chariot of the conqueror, to grace the triumph. The apostle here teaches them a different doctrine: as they should speak truth every man with his neighbor, so they should in every respect act honestly, for nothing contrary to truth and righteousness could be tolerated under the Christian system. vocation--Translate, "calling" to accord, as the Greek does, with "called" ( Ephesians 4:4 , Ephesians 1:18 , Romans 8:28 Romans 8:30 ). Evangelists were itinerant preachers like our missionaries, as Philip the deacon ( Acts 21:8 ); as contrasted with stationary "pastors and teachers" ( 2 Timothy 4:5 ). 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